![]() ![]() Methods We used a 28-month period, to retrospectively identify 190 cases of neck goiters that underwent computed tomographic imaging. Objectives To analyze the distribution of thyroid goiters into the mediastinum and/or behind or along the sides of the pharynx, and to review the anatomy of the spaces in the neck that explains these extensions. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.Once behind the esophagus, it can then grow caudally into the posterior mediastinum or cranially into the retropharyngeal space, both of which are areas of the common visceral space. The thyroid gland can also grow posteriorly into the retrovisceral space. The gland can extend caudally and anteriorly into the pretracheal space and substernal region. The arrows indicate the 3 directions of growth that the thyroid gland can take. The inside of the space is seen via a cutaway in the fascia. B, The actual space is represented without the visceral contents. The common fascia around the cervical esophagus (visceral fascia) is also seen as it extends around the pharyngeal constrictor muscles extending up to the skull base. The fascia around the inferior thyroid artery is also seen as it divides the lower portion of the visceral compartment into anterior pretracheal and posterior retrovisceral spaces. A, Through a cutaway in the fascia, the thyroid gland and trachea are seen within the visceral compartment. Zaino C, Jacobson HG, Lepow H, Ozturk CH (1970) The pharyngoesophageal sphincter.Oblique drawings of the neck from the left side. Williams PL, Warwich R, Dyson M, Bannister LH (eds) (1989) Gray’s anatomy, 37th edn. Singular Publishing Group, San Diego, pp 15–42 In: Perlman AL, Schulze-Delrieu K (eds) Deglutition and its disorders: anatomy, physiology, clinical diagnosis, and management. Perlman AL, Christensen J (1997) Topography and functional anatomy of the swallowing structures. Miller AJ (1999) The neuroscientific principles of swallowing and dysphagia. Jamieson JB (1934) Illustrations of regional anatomy. J Anat 122:697–699įink BR, Demarest RJ (1978) Laryngeal biomechanics. Dysphagia 1:68–72įink BR (1976) The median thyrohyoid “fold”: a nomenclature suggestion. Gastrointest Radiol 7:101–107Įkberg O, Birch-Iensen M, Lindström C (1986) Mucosal folds in the valleculae. Radiology 143:481–486Įkberg O, Sigurjonsson SV (1982) Movement of the epiglottis during deglutition: a cineradiographic study. Acta Radiol 28:173–176Įkberg O, Nylander G (1982) Dysfunction of the cricopharyngeal muscle: a cineradiographic study of patients with dysphagia. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, BethesdaĮkberg O, Lindström C (1987) The upper esophageal sphincter area. ![]() US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesdaīosma JF (ed) (1976) Symposium on development of the basicranium DHEW publication no (NIH) 76–989. Bosma JF (ed) (1973) Fourth symposium on oral sensation and perception: development in the fetus and infant DHEW publication no (NIH) 73–546. ![]()
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